Communism and Marxist Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 457 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category Politics Essay Level High school Topics: Communism Essay Did you like this example? To begin, Communism or the Marxist theory was founded Karl Marx, a German philosopher who turned turned to journalism after being turned down for teaching jobs due to his political views. Marxs investigations as a journalist led him to believe that there was systemic injustice and corruption in Germany where he lived. Leaving Germany a few years later, Marx met an old friend named Friedrich Engles in Paris, where they would soon collaborate and write the book: Manifesto of the Communist Party(1848). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Communism and Marxist Theory" essay for you Create order Marx and Engles felt that the poverty, disease, and early death that plagued the working class was a result of Capitalism, and that the only way of solving it was to replace Capitalism all together. As an alternative, they wanted the means of production, things like factories, railroads, and mines, to be owned by the government and used to benefit everyone, not just the owners. After Marx died in 1883, Engles become the main representative of the Marxist theory. Engles simplified Marxism is several areas, more or less transferring it, making it more rigid and determinant than Marx had intended it to be. After Engles died in 1895, supporters of the Marxist theory split in to two groups, revolutionists and revolutionary. Revolutionists favored Marxism before Marxs passing, which had a more peaceful and gradual approach to the transition in to socialism. On the other hand, the revolutionaries would produce the front men of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and later define what we know as Communism today. Edward Bernstein, a revolutionist who became the foremen of the new Marxian theory, revised the theory in two main areas. Bernstein added an ethical element, where felt that humans should be treated with worth. He didnt like that individuals were being used as human working machines by capitalists as well as being thought as expendable for war purposes by Communists. Bernstein also felt that trade-unions and working class political parties would provide opportunities for growth in societies, which was added in later down the line. On the other side, Bernsteins biggest critic was Vladimir Lenin. Lenin, was head of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers Party took control over the Russian government in October 1917. Lenin made two radical changes to the Marxian theory, one of which being that instead of having a working class lead the party, Lenin wanted an elite party the was made up of extremist working-class people similar to hisself. Lenin wanted his party be secretive, tightly organized, and disciplined. The second change he made was that communism would be uprise in capitalist societies, because of a labor force that was used to trade-unions. Instead, communism would rise in failing countries like Russia at the time when Lenin took over the USSR. These beliefs show in what communism is today.

Analysis Of The Odyssey - 1313 Words

In P.K. Narayan’s version of the Indian epic The Ramayana, Rama intends to â€Å"establish peace, gentleness, and justice† (Narayan 1972: 63) in the world. In Homer’s The Odyssey, Odysseus has an uncontrollable â€Å"fighting spirit† (Homer 1996: 227) that too often ends in misfortune. Despite these great differences, these two characters have one thing in common: they are widely regarded as heroes in their religion. This is just one of many distinctions between the two epics. In The Odyssey, the afterlife consists of â€Å"the shambling, shiftless dead† (Homer 1996: 251) while in The Ramayana, reincarnation follows death. These dissimilar perspectives have a tremendous impact on charaters’ beliefs and behavior. This paper will investigate these†¦show more content†¦This is not a welcome destination for many. Even those who still live great lives end up in the same situation with those who live ordinary ones. Thus, there was n o real motivation in life to achieve a certain level in the afterlife. In contrast, The Ramayana is a tale of Hinduism, where it is believed that one is reincarnated depending on how they live their life, and that each individual has a purpose in their life. Rama’s purpose was to â€Å"destroy Ravana†¦ abolish fear†¦ and establish peace, gentleness, and goodness in the world.† (Narayan 1972: 63). If one follows their purpose in life, this will be reflected positively in their reincarnation following death. Rama â€Å"never loses track of this.† Reincarnation creates a sense of purpose in one’s life. Death is not the end, but a transition to a new beginning. The theme of honor and glory, represented differently in The Ramayana and The Odyssey, contribute to different forms of heroism. First, The Odyssey explores the theme of heroism generally with the character Odysseus. Odysseus, the hero of the epic, has a strong desire for glory, wha tever the cost. For example, his cunning plan to save himself and his men from the cyclops Polyphemus cannot go unnoticed. Having escaped, he calls back to Polyphemus, telling him â€Å"Odysseus, raider of cities, he gouged out your eye† (Homer 1996: 227). In this instance, Poseidon eventuallyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1368 Words   |  6 PagesHolmes English H, period 3 11 November 2014 Hospitality: An analysis of xenia in The Odyssey William Shakespeare, in Timon Of Athens Act III Scene line 39 writes : I charge thee, invite them all: let in the tide of knaves once more; my cook and I ll provide† Shakespeare is explaining to his readers that he will invite everyone in and he will cook for them meaning that he will provide everything to his guests. Similarly, in The Odyssey Odysseus without knowing it is providing for all the suitorsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 974 Words   |  4 PagesPrabakar Mrs. Kravchak Honors Humanities 1; Period 1 September 10, 2014 The Odyssey Joseph Campbell stated that â€Å"A hero is someone that has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself.† He also believed that on the journey to being a hero, one must physically or mentally leave home, decide on a quest, encounter â€Å"dragons†, experience an all out struggle, be wounded, and finally obtain wisdom. In The Odyssey by Homer, Odysseus embarks on a journey to try to get back home to his kingdomRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1011 Words   |  5 PagesName Tutor Course Date Close Reading Essay In Book X of the Odyssey, Odysseus gives a tale of his adventure in Circe’s Island. He also tells of his encounter with Circe, (X. 380 - 419). Circe’s equivocation, â€Å"Why, Odysseus, dost thou sit thus like one that is dumb, eating thy heart, and dost not touch food or drink? / Dost thou haply forbode some other guile?† (X. 380 - 381), portrays Odysseus sadness and worry for his men. Earlier in this book, he had narrated of how Circe had put a portion inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe Odyssey begins by describing Odysseus, a â€Å"man of twists and turns† (Homer 1996: 1) showing that this book is focused on the men, rather than the women. Shortly after, the first description of any womanly figure is â€Å"bewitching† (Homer 1996: 2), which shows that as the epic progresses, the description of most female adversaries would be negative. In Hippolytus, Aphrodite begins by saying that she â€Å"treats well who rever e her power† but â€Å"trips up those who are proud (averse) to her† (Euripides 2001:Read MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1130 Words   |  5 PagesName: Instructor: Course: Date: The Odyssey is a remarkable piece of the ancient writing that provides a great insight into numerous matters in regard to the past as well as to the present. This poem is greatly appreciated for being a rich source of knowledge about the ancient Greek mundane life: the customs, the hierarchy, the polytheistic religious traditions and rituals. Nevertheless, it would be a great mistake to underestimate the Odyssey in respect to the study of the worldview of the ancientRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Odyssey 1251 Words   |  6 PagesMimi Wang Mrs. Kottke Honors 10 English 3/24/16 The Power of Women in The Odyssey Throughout literary history, women are portrayed as mere property or tools of men; however, women can also be shown as people who hold power in Homer’s The Odyssey. Women hold a significant amount of authoritative power over men in both their lives and mindsets, and this can be seen through Circe s powers that are able to manipulate Odysseus and his men, Penelope s tactics to stall marriage and her caution towardRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1311 Words   |  6 PagesWilliams Ninth Honors Literature 6 October 2015 PsychOdyssey Tolkien once said, â€Å"Living by faith includes the call to something greater than cowardly self-preservation†. In this quote he captures the very essence of heroism. Homer’s epic poem â€Å"The Odyssey† follows one man, Odysseus on his hero’s journaey home from the Trojan War. There is no question as to whether or not his quest follows the steps of the hero’s journey monomyth. The hero’s journey monomyth is the universal link in all tales of adventureRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 864 Words   |  4 Pageswithout facing some kind of temptation. Temptation can be our biggest weakness, and I think that in Odysseus’s case it was his. In The Odyssey, Homer uses the siren scene to symbolize temptation in different ways. It represents how temptation can come in many different ways; and it can control us no matter how much we know that it is wrong to give in. In The Odyssey, temptation came to Odysseus and his crew from the sirens. This scene displays how temptation looks, sounds, and how it makes you actRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 3033 Words   |  13 Pages Vivian Tse Brother Pearce FDCA 206 5 November 2014 The Odyssey The Odyssey is one of the earliest epics that exists but is still a highly revered and relevant piece of literature in modern culture. This classic survives because the entire tale of Odysseus’ adventure is symbolic of our human lives and experiences—it is life mythologized. Not only does The Odyssey highlight the heroic and triumphant side of the characters, but it also emphasizes the struggle between heroes’ ethos and their human failingsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Odyssey 1971 Words   |  8 PagesShane Nordquist English I Honors per. 4 1/22/16 response 1: The Odyssey, being an epic poem is likely to include several typical examples of personalities we are used to seeing. As epic poems often do, the Odyssey describes the Greek view of many of these core archetypes. Odysseus being demonstrated as the hero shows us the Greek value of heroism through his wonderful feats, and his downfalls, his sheer prowess, but also his flaws. In the Greek society, as in any, it is clearly evident that the

Theories of Personality Development - 3138 Words

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT (2 Credits/Compulsory) Course Code: CED 403 Course Title: Theories of Personality Development and Adjustment. Number of Credits: 2 Credits Course Duration: Two hours per week for 15 weeks (30 hours). As taught in 2010/2011 session Lecturer’s name: ONIYE, Abdulrazaq Olayinka Qualifications: B.A.Ed (Islamic Studies Education: Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University Sokoto); M.Ed; PhD (Guidance and Counselling: University of Ilorin); Cert. (Data Processing: University of Ilorin). E-mail address: oniyerasaq@unilorin.edu.ng Office Location: Room 15, Department of Counsellor Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Nigeria Consultation Hours: Wednesdays and Fridays 12-3pm (Wed), 3-5pm(Fri)†¦show more content†¦Ipaye,7 B. (1995). Guidance and counselling for Nigerian schools: Lagos: Chayoobi Printers and Publishers, pp 201-203 Week 3: Psychosexual stages of Development 5 Objective: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: †¢ Highlight the psychosexual stages of development †¢ Explain the developmental impact of toilet training on personality development †¢ Elucidate on the influence of parental acceptance or rejection on personality development Description The lecture focuses on psychosexual stages of development and the developmental impact of toilet training n personality development. The lecture laid emphasis on the influence of parental acceptance or rejection on personality development of an individual Study Questions 1. What are the psychosexual stages of development you know? 2. Discuss with the aid of relevant illustration the influence of parental acceptance or rejection on personality development? 3. How do you think that the manner of toilet training received by a child could influence his development?. Reading List 1. Uba,2 A. (2010).Theories of personality. Claverianum Press: Ibadan. Pp 7-11 2. Omoegun,4 M. (2001). A functional approach to practicum in counselling.Bab Sheriff Ltd: Ikorodu, p.131 3. Ipaye,7 B. (1995). Guidance and counselling for Nigerian schools: Lagos: Chayoobi Printers and Publishers, pp 205-296. Week 4: Techniques of Inquiry (Sigmund Freud) Objective: At the end of the lesson, students should be ableShow MoreRelatedPersonality Theory Of Personality Development1325 Words   |  6 PagesMany personality theorists offered different explanations for human behaviors as well as established specific stages of personality development. However, person centered theory does not have a theory of personality structure, rather believes that it is essential to follow certain principles in order to develop the self-concept. Rogers’s theory of personality is based on the notion that all individuals have the innate ability to reach actualizing tendency and establish a self-concept, which is congruentRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Development Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pagesthey respond to times the way that they do? Personalities, everyone has a different personality. Personality development are the patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that set you apart from another individual. Many of the theories revolve around that personal ity is something that begins when you are an infant. Adult personality traits are one of the personalities believed to be based off of infant temperament. That means that their personality traits begin to differ early on in life. SomeRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Development Essay2133 Words   |  9 Pages Theories of personality, ones that have both differences and similarities among each other, are of significance for they offer comprehensive information about human nature. From Freud’s psychoanalysis to Bandura’s modeling theory, these theories are not necessarily rigid and firm as they may not enable one to understand the personality development of all individuals from various backgrounds, whether ethnic or socioeconomic. Abraham Maslow, a psychologist considered to be the founder of the humanisticRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Development Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween opposing wishes and desires† (Collins and Makowsky, 2010, pg. 132). Repression is one of Freud’s many theories to try and explain humans’ actions and behaviors. He supposed that through operant conditioning, people have learned how to act in ways that society would consider as appropriate. Not only that, the father of psychology wrote the theory of personality development and the theories of aggression that have help sociologists understand the contemporary humans’ social behavior, on topics suchRead MoreThe Unconscious Theories Of Personality Development856 Words   |  4 PagesUnconscious There are as many theories of the effects of unconscious motivations to behavior as there are general theories of personality. Some theorists, such as Freud, consider the unconscious at the very least highly influential, if not the sole motivating force behind personality development. Unconscious motivations have been linked to genetic predispositions, and up to 50% of variances can be linked to genetics (Bleidorn et al., 2014). Psychodynamic theories are often considered to hold intellectualRead MoreThe Freudian Theory Of Personality Development1329 Words   |  6 Pagespsychoanalytic theory. She argued that in mainstream Hollywood film women were merely objects. Post war avant-garde film makers were able to stay away from the trend of commercial cinema at the time. Although, it depends on avant-garde film directors and writer’s point of view but most of the time they did not share the same styles as commercial cinema. Mulvey studied the Freudian and Lacanian philosophies on personality development. She went in depth with the Freudian psychoanalytic theory of personalityRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Personality Development1802 Words   |  8 PagesPersonality Report There are many theorists that have made psychology incredible, and have paved the way for what we believe psychology to consist of today. Some important theorists that I believe have made a huge contribution are Sigmund Freud, Karen Horney, and Dollard and Miller. These theorists have all had their own view on personality development, and I believe that these ideas have shaped the way in which we view psychology today. The many interpretations of conflict, psychotherapy, and culturalRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Personality Development1802 Words   |  8 Pages Personality Report There are many theorists that have made psychology incredible, and have paved the way for what we believe psychology to consist of today. Some important theorists that I believe have made a huge contribution are Sigmund Freud, Karen Horney, and Dollard and Miller. These theorists have all had their own view on personality development, and I believe that these ideas have shaped the way in which we view psychology today. The many interpretations of conflict, psychotherapy, and culturalRead MoreTheories Of Personality And Psychosocial Development2308 Words   |  10 PagesPsychoanalysis and Psychosexuality Carolyn Bennett PSY/330 Theories of Personality Maurita Hodge 04/27/2015 I have chosen psychosexual and psychosocial development; for my model of presentation. In Freudian psychology, psychosexual development is a central element of the psychoanalytic sexual drive theory, that human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido (sexual energy) that develops in five stages. Each stage – the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genitalRead MoreCognitive Theory And Personality Development Essay2207 Words   |  9 PagesPersonality Development Position CBT assumes that development is continuous throughout the lifespan. Therefore, personality is adaptable. Personality development in CBT emphasizes cognitive learning processes, such as thinking and judging. Personality is developed out of learning experiences in which cognitive constructs are formed. These cognitive constructs serve as our lens in which we view the world and our future experiences (Newman Newman, 2012). Maladapted constructs often occur in early

Adam Smith An Inquiry Into The Nature free essay sample

He was also able to witness the popularity of foreign merchandises imported from the colonies such as tobacco and cotton. This gave him the material he needed for the ideas he later had. Adam did very well in school and won a scholarship to study at Oxford. However, he was not fond of the school. He was very critical of it. He says that incentives must be created by the students for their teachers. He didnt connect with the lessons and the teaching style of the teachers. He also did not improve of the needs of the students.Smith began is intellectual career when he was asked to lecture at Edinburgh in English and the philosophy of law. Afterwards, he went to the University of Glasgow, where he taught logic, moral philosophy, literature, and public policy. It was his lecturing that provided the foundation for much of his later work. We will write a custom essay sample on Adam Smith: An Inquiry Into The Nature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After much traveling and tutoring students, Smith went back to Kirkland. This was when he started his book, The Wealth of Nations, which he devoted all of his time towards. He worked on it from 1773 to 1 776, and when it was finished, it met immediate success. Graveside. Mom). The book offers descriptions of what builds nations wealth and is today an essential work in economics. The book reflects the beginning of the industrial revolution and touches upon the topics on the division of labor, productivity, and free markets (wick/ the_wealth_of_nations). In Smiths time period, people saw national wealth in terms of a countries stock of gold and silver. Importing goods was seen as damaging because it meant that the wealth they had must be given up to pay for the goods.They favored exporting goods because they usually got things in return. Smith disagreed. He believed importing was just as good as exporting. He said that nobody would trade if they expected to lose from it. The buyer profits, and so does the seller. He thought imports are just as valuable to us as our exports are to others. Smith said that trade increases our prosperity just as much as agriculture and manufacturing does. Like said before, the nation thought its wealth was based on its quantity of gold and silver, but what its really based on is its total production and commerce.Today, that is known as gross national product (admits. Org). After Smith published The Wealth of Nations, he was appointed to be the Commissioner of Customs. The position gave him huge political power and enabled him to put many of his ideas into action. He became an important voice on other issues, including trade restrictions on Ireland (graveside. Com). He had a strong belief in competition, and called it the markers invisible hand. He therefore opposed any government intervention into business affairs.He said that trade restrictions, minimum wage laws, and production regulation were all harmful to a nations economic health. Because of his beliefs, he made a new policy. The policy was called laissez-fairer. This laissez-fairer policy of a non- intervening government remained popular throughout the Victorian Era and still plays an important part in our present-day economic policy. Capitalists supported Smiths policies and they suggested that child labor laws, maximum working hours, and factory health codes caused a violation Of their rights.Smith, though, was not an apologist for the capitalist class. He favored anti-monopoly laws, and his support of competition remained firm because it encouraged economic growth which he felt would benefit all members of society. He said that as long as markets grew, a demand for labor would increase and it would prevent business owners from exploiting their workers. However, he failed to realize that the process of arbitration would mess up the labor market. His optimism about economic growth seemed to ignore the possibility that capitalists might take the benefits of expansion (Victorianism. Org).The exact meaning of Laissez-fairer is its an economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from riffs, government subsidies, and enforced monopolies, with only enough government regulations sufficient to protect property rights against theft and aggression. Laissez-fairer is a French word which translates to let them do, let it be, let them do as well, or leave it alone. It was a political as well as an economic doctrine. The function of the state was to maintain order and security and to avoid interference with initiative of a person to pursue his or her own desired goals.